Why Discrimination Is Common Among The Racially Different...

Introduction: Discrimination is when an individual is being ridiculed or rejected on the basis of their beliefs or culture. Discrimination is still present in Australian schools and can take place through verbal, written, visual, and emotional. The people who experience discrimination commonly are not often acknowledged by the teacher or counsellor of the school. The risk is that when discriminatory behaviours are permitted to go unchecked in school, an environment develops in the classroom, in which it seems that these actions are considered as normal. The students who have been discriminated against in school are mostly students from different language backgrounds to English. Furthermore, people’s thoughts, beliefs and decisions are often related to being socially accepted by the people around them. Therefore students feel pressured to conform not to work with racially different students in order to be socially accepted in society. The reasons behind discrimination in schools: There are many reasons behind discrimination. These include the following. Racism: Racism is common among the racially different people. According to a book by the Australian government, 2015, ‘Racism is the result of complex attitudes of individuals, social values, and institutional practices. It is expressed in the action of individuals and institutions and it is encouraged in the thought of popular culture. Racism has its roots in the belief that some people are superior because they belong toShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Discrimination And Racial Discrimination1532 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination made its way to planet earth way before it could be documented. Racial discrimination happens all over the world both consciously and unconsciously, destroying lives every day. Racial discrimination can best be described as, when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status. There are many forms of racial discrimination even if we donâ€⠄¢t want to face it. Among the mostRead MorePlessy Vs. Ferguson Required All Facilities1132 Words   |  5 Pagescalled for â€Å"education...to be made available to all on equal terms† (Bickel 458). Since then, the US has declared itself racially integrated. However, looking at the various educational institutions across the country, this is not the case in the majority of the locations. In turn, this has created poorer academic standards among minorities, the majority of which live in these racially segregated and underserved areas. This is an issue which requires immediate action and attention. By increasing fundingRead MorePredjudice and Discrimination as a Part of Our Cognitive Social Being804 Words   |  4 PagesPredjudice and Discrimination as a Part of Our Cognitive Social Being Prejudice and Discrimination are an all to common part of our cognitive social being, but many social psychologists believe that it can be stopped, but only with the help of social conditioning. In this writing I hope to explain and point out some key terms and points made in my assigned chapter. Prejudice refers to a special type of attitude, usually something negative toward any group or ethnicity that is notRead MoreEssay on Equality and Civil Rights1486 Words   |  6 Pages Democracy stresses the equality of all individuals and insists that all men are created equal. Democracy does not persist on an equality of condition for all people or argue that all persons have a right to an equal share of worldly goods. Rather, its concept of equality insists that all are entitled to equality of opportunity and equality before the law. The democratic concept of equality holds that no person should be held back for any such arbitrary reasons as those based on race, color,Read MoreSegregation vs. Integration1387 Words   |  6 PagesSegregation vs. Integration One of the most significant issues which the United States has dealt with for decades is the issue of racial segregation. In a post-Civil Rights era, there is a common tendency to assume that racism is no longer a pressing social concern in America due to the gradual erosion of whiteness. During the late 1800s and much of the 1900s, segregation had been a controversial and divisive issue throughout the country. This issue stemmed from the separation of African AmericansRead MoreAn Argument Against Affirmative Action Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagessome ideal of ‘righteous’ discrimination. The time has come, it seems, that our government and our nation rethink the policies that now appear to be doing more harm than good. Affirmative Action in the United States has become detrimental to social progress through policies of reverse racism by constructing preference in favor of diversity quotas within university admissions and places of employment. Affirmative Action is harmful to society because reverse discrimination should not be used as anRead MoreImmigration Into The United States Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor immigration during the 19th century. Many people came from major parts of the world to America in search of the better economic opportunities while others came in search for better religious purposes and practices, for example, the pilgrims. Before the 19th century, the Americans of European descent decided to move to the west due to the fact that the there was news that there was an available land in the western part of the country. These people moved in groups that were majorly consisting ofRead More1.Ethnic Niche Are Creations Within Industries Or Occupations1362 Words   |  6 Pagesentity that is affected by economic change and restructuring while also being affected by discrimination (Race, Ethnicity, and the American Labor Market: What’s at Work?, p. 5). Basically they are rankings that employ ers make for workers in the same field. Job queues are often impacted by discrimination. For example, it is easier for a white man to find a job than it is for a black man. This is due to discrimination within the job queue. This has to stop in order for African Americans to progress in theRead MoreUrban Dwellers Affected By Race1483 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of different cultures have migrated to rural and urban populations and among those mass migrations there were African Americans. Although immigrants went through hardships such as harsh living conditions and low status, they didn’t have to go through as much trouble as African Americans did. African Americans who moved into the city were not on top of the priority list to most. They were not given the time of day to their needs. Race affected these urban dwellers because of discrimination, livingRead MoreAffirmative Action : How It Impacted The American Society Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pageswith those possibly less qualified simply due to their gender or ethnicity. Throughout history, people have been categorized into different groups. These groupings were based on certain characteristics people shared, whether it was their ethnicity, race, gender, or religion. Society is notorious for distinguishing among different groups and favoring one or two of them. Undoubtedly, this separation of peoples, led to increased tension between various groups. As time progressed, the conflicts intensified

Shatterer of Worlds Free Essays

Kildare Dobbs Before that morning in 1945 only a few conventional bombs, none of which did any great damage, had fallen on the city. Fleets of U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Shatterer of Worlds or any similar topic only for you Order Now bombers had, however, devastated many cities round about, and Hiroshima had begun a program of evacuation which had reduced its population from 380,000 to some 245,000. Among the evacuees were Emiko and her family. â€Å"We were moved out to Otake, a town about an hour’s train-ride out of the city,† Emiko told me. She had been a fifteen-year-old student in 1945. Fragile and vivacious, versed in the gentle traditions of the tea ceremony and flower arrangement, Emiko still had an air of the frail school-child when I talked with her. Every day, she and her sister Hideko used to commute into Hiroshima to school. Hideko was thirteen. Their father was an antique dealer and he owned a house in the city, although it was empty now. Tetsuro, Emiko’s thirteen-year-old brother, was at the Manchurian front with the Imperial Army. Her mother was kept busy looking after the children, for her youngest daughter Eiko was sick with heart trouble, and rations were scarce. All of them were undernourished. The night of August 5, 1945, little Eiko was dangerously ill. She was not expected to live. Everybody took turns watching by her bed, soothing her by massaging her arms and legs. Emiko retired at 8:30 (most Japanese people go to bed early) and at midnight was roused to take her turn with the sick girl. At 2 A. M. she went back to sleep. While Emiko slept, the Enola Gay, a U. S. B-29 carrying the world’s first operational atom bomb, was already in the air. She had taken off from the Pacific island of Iwo Jima at 1:45 A. M. , and now Captain William Parsons, U. S. N. ordnance expert, was busy in her bomb-hold with the final assembly of Little Boy. Little Boy looked much like an outsize T. N. T. block-buster but the crew knew there was something different about him. Only Parsons and the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, knew exactly in what manner Little Boy was different. Course was set for Hiroshima. Emiko slept. On board the Enola Gay co-pilot Capta in Robert Lewis was writing up his personal log. â€Å"After leaving Iwo,† he recorded, â€Å"we began to pick up some low stratus and before very long we were flying on top of an undercast. Outside of a thin, high cirrus and the low stuff, it’s a very beautiful day. † Emiko and Hideko were up at six in the morning. They dressed in the uniform of their women’s college-white blouse, quilted hat, and black skirt-breakfasted and packed their aluminum lunch-boxes with white rice and eggs. These they stuffed into their shoulder bags as they hurried for the seven-o’clock train to Hiroshima. Today there would be no classes. Along with many women’s groups, high school students, and others, the sisters were going to work on demolition. You can read also  Similarities and Conflicts in † a Streetcar Named Desire† The city had begun a project of clearance to make fire-breaks in its downtown huddle of wood and paper buildings. It was a lovely morning. While the two young girls were at breakfast, Captain Lewis, over the Pacific, had made an entry in his log. â€Å"We are loaded. The bomb is now alive, and it’s a funny feeling 1 From Reading the Time (1968). knowing it’s right in back of you. Knock wood! † In the train Hideko suddenly said she was hungry. She wanted to eat her lunch. Emiko dissuaded her: she’d be much hungrier later on. The two sisters argued, but Hideko at last agreed to keep her lunch till later. They decided to meet at the main station that afternoon and catch the five-o’clock train home. By now they had arrived at the first of Hiroshima’s three stations. This was where Hideko got off, for she was to work in a different area from her sister. â€Å"Sayonara! † she called. â€Å"Goodbye. † Emiko never saw her again. There had been an air-raid at 7 A. M. , but before Emiko arrived at Hiroshima’s main station, two stops farther on, the sirens had sounded the all clear. Just after eight, Emiko stepped off the train, walked through the station, and waited in the morning sunshine for her streetcar. At about the same moment Lewis was writing in his log. â€Å"There’ll be a short intermission while we bomb our target. † It was hot in the sun; Emiko saw a class-mate and greeted her. Together they moved hack into the shade of a high concrete wall to chat. Emiko looked tip at the sky and saw, far up in the cloudless blue, a single B-29. It was exactly 8:10 A. M. The other people waiting for the streetcar saw it too and began to discuss it anxiously. Emiko felt scared. She felt that at all costs she must go on talking to her friend. Just as she was thinking this, there was a tremendous greenish-white flash in the sky. It was far brighter than the sun. Emiko afterwards remembered vaguely that there was a roaring or a rushing sound as well, but she was not sure, for just at that moment she lost consciousness. â€Å"About 15 seconds after the flash,† noted Lewis, 30,000 feet high and several miles away, â€Å"there were two very distinct slaps on the ship from the blast and the shock wave. That was all the physical effect we felt. We turned the ship so that we could observe the results. † When Emiko came to, she was lying on her face about forty feet away from where she had been standing. She was not aware of any pain. Her first thought was: â€Å"I’m alive! † She lifted her head slowly and looked about her. It was growing dark. The air was seething with dust and black smoke. There was a smell of burning. Emiko felt something trickle into her eyes, tested it in her mouth. Gingerly she put a hand to her head, then looked at it. She saw with a shock that it was covered with blood. She did not give a thought to Hideko. It did not occur to her that her sister who was in another part of the city could possibly have been in danger. Like most of the survivors, Emiko assumed she had been close to a direct hit by a conventional bomb. She thought it had fallen on the post-office next to the station. With a hurt child’s panic, Emiko, streaming with blood from gashes in her scalp, ran blindly in search of her mother and father. The people standing in front of the station had been burned to death instantly (a shadow had saved Emiko from the flash). The people inside the station had been crushed by falling masonry. Emiko heard their faint cries, saw hands scrabbling weakly from under the collapsed platform. All around her the maimed survivors were running and stumbling away from the roaring furnace that had been a city. She ran with them toward the mountains that ring the landward side of Hiroshima. From the Enola Gay, the strangers from North America looked down at their handiwork. â€Å"There, in front of our eyes,† wrote Lewis, â€Å"was without a doubt the greatest explosion man had ever witnessed. The city was nine-tenths covered with smoke of a boiling nature, which seemed to indicate buildings blowing up, and a large white cloud which in less than three minutes reached 30,000 feet, then went to at least 50,000 feet. Far below, on the edge of this cauldron of smoke, at a distance of some 2,500 yards from the blast’s epicenter, Emiko ran with the rest of the living. Some who could not run limped or dragged themselves along. Others were carried. Many, hideously burned, were screaming with pain; when they tripped they lay where they had fallen. There was a man whose face had been ripped open from mouth to ear, another whose forehead was a gaping wound. A young soldier was running with a foot-long splinter of bamboo protruding from one eye. But these, like Emiko, were the lightly wounded. Some of the burned people had been literally roasted. Skin hung from their flesh like sodden tissue paper. They did not bleed but plasma dripped from their seared limbs. The Enola Gay, mission completed, was returning to base. Lewis sought words to express his feelings, the feelings of all the crew. â€Å"I might say,† he wrote, â€Å"I might say `My God! What have we done? ‘† Emiko ran. When she had reached the safety of the mountain she remembered that she still had her shoulder bag. There was a small first-aid kit in it and she applied ointment to her wounds and to a small cut in her left hand. She bandaged her head. Emiko looked back at the city. It was a lake of fire. All around her the burned fugitives cried out in pain. Some were scorched on one side only. Others, naked and flayed, were burned all over. They were too many to help and most of them were dying. Emiko followed the walking wounded along a back road, still delirious, expecting suddenly to meet her father and mother. The thousands dying by the roadside called feebly for help or water. Some of the more lightly injured were already walking in the other direction, back towards the flames. Others, with hardly any visible wounds, stopped, turned ashy pale, and died within minutes. No one knew then that they were victims of radiation. Emiko reached the suburb of Nakayama. Far off in the Enola Gay, Lewis, who had seen none of this, had been writing, â€Å"If I live a hundred years, I’ll never get those few minutes out of my mind. Looking at Captain Parsons, why he is as confounded as the rest, and he is supposed to have known everything and expected this to happen At Nakayama, Emiko stood in line at a depot where rice-balls were being distributed. Though it distressed her that the badly maimed could hardly feed themselves, the child found she was hungry. It was about 6 P. M. now. A little farther on, at Gion, a farmer called her by name. She did not recognize him, but it seemed he came monthly to her home to collect manure. The farmer took Emiko by the hand, led her to his own house, where his wife bathed her and fed her a meal of white rice. Then the child continued on her way. She passed another town where there were hundreds of injured. The dead were being hauled away in trucks. Among the injured a woman of about fortyfive was waving frantically and muttering to herself. Emiko brought this woman a little water in a pumpkin leaf. She felt guilty about it; the schoolgirls had been warned not to give water to the seriously wounded. Emiko comforted herself with the thought that the woman would die soon anyway. At Koi, she found standing-room in a train. It was heading for Otake with a full load of wounded. Many were put off at Ono, where there was a hospital; and two hours later the train rolled into Otake station. It was around 10 P. M. A great crowd had gathered to look for their relations. It was a nightmare, Emiko remembered years afterwards; people were calling their dear kinfolk by name, searching frantically. It was necessary to call them by name, since most were so disfigured as to be unrecognizable. Doctors in the town council offices stitched Emiko’s head-wounds. The place was crowded with casualties lying on the floor. Many died as Emiko watched. The town council authorities made a strange announcement. They said a new and mysterious kind of bomb had fallen in Hiroshima. People were advised to stay away from the ruins. Home at midnight, Emiko found her parents so happy to see her that they could not even cry. They could only give thanks that she was safe. Then they asked, â€Å"Where is your sister? † For ten long days, while Emiko walked daily one and a half miles to have her wounds dressed with fresh gauze, her father searched the rubble of Hiroshima for his lost child. He could not have hoped to find her alive. All, as far as the eye could see, was a desolation of charred ashes and wreckage, relieved only by a few jagged ruins and by the seven estuarial rivers that flowed through the waste delta. The banks of these rivers were covered with the dead and in the rising tidal waters floated thousands of corpses. On one broad street in the Hakushima district the crowds who had been thronging there were all naked and scorched cadavers. Of thousands of others there was no trace at all. A fire several times hotter than the surface of the sun had turned them instantly to vapor. On August 11 came the news that Nagasaki had suffered the same fate as Hiroshima; it was whispered that Japan had attacked the United States mainland with similar mysterious weapons. With the lavish circumstantiality of rumor, it was said that two out of a fleet of six-engined trans-Pacific bombers had failed to return. But on August 15, speaking for the first time over the radio to his people, the Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s surrender. Emiko heard him. No more bombs! she thought. No more fear! The family did not learn till June the following year that this very day young Tetsuro had been killed in action in Manchuria. Emiko’s wounds healed slowly. In mid-September they had closed with a thin layer of pinkish skin. There had been a shortage of antiseptics and Emiko was happy to be getting well. Her satisfaction was short-lived. Mysteriously she came down with diarrhea and high fever. The fever continued for a month. Then one day she started to bleed from the gums, her mouth and throat became acutely inflamed, and her hair started to fall out. Through her delirium the child heard the doctors whisper by her pillow that she could not live. By now the doctors must have known that ionizing radiation caused such destruction of the blood’s white cells that victims were left with little or no resistance against infection. Yet Emiko recovered. The wound on her hand, however, was particularly troublesome and did not heal for a long time. As she got better, Emiko began to acquire some notion of the fearful scale of the disaster. Few of her friends and acquaintances were still alive. But no one knew precisely how many had died in Hiroshima. To this day the claims of various agencies conflict. According to General Douglas MacArthur’s headquarters, there were 78,150 dead and 13,083 missing. 2 The United States Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission claims there were 79,000 dead. Both sets of figures are probably far too low. There’s reason to believe that at the time of the surrender Japanese authorities lied about the number of survivors, exaggerating it to get extra medical supplies. The Japanese welfare ministry’s figures of 260,000 dead and 163,263 missing may well be too high. But the very order of such discrepancies speaks volumes about the scale of the catastrophe. The dead were literally uncountable. This appalling toll of human life had been exacted from a city that had been prepared for air attack in a state of full wartime readiness. All civil defense services had been overwhelmed from the first moment and it was many hours before any sort of organized rescue and relief could be put into effect. It’s true that single raids using so-called conventional weapons on other cities such as Tokyo and Dresden inflicted far greater casualties. And that it could not matter much to a victim whether he was burnt alive by a firestorm caused by phosphorus, or by napalm or by nuclear fission. Yet in the whole of human history so savage a massacre had never before been inflicted with a single blow. And modern thermonuclear weapons are upwards of 1,000 times more powerful and deadly than the Hiroshima bomb. The white scar I saw on Emiko’s small, fine-boned hand was a tiny metaphor, a faint but eloquent reminder of the scar on humanity’s conscience. How to cite Shatterer of Worlds, Papers

Frees Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange Essay Example For Students

Frees Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange Essay Clockwork Orange EssaysA Clockwork Orange is a very different movie. It has everything a movie should have, but the plot is quite disturbing, especially for the time it came out. I have personally watched this film several times to find the meaning, and every time I watch it I come up with a different one. I am going to try to explain what this film contains as well as try to explain the plot. A Clockwork Orange is a story of a young man whose principle interests are rape, ultra-violence, and Beethoven. Its about a teen named Alex (Malcolm McDowell) who torments people in Britain in the near future. He is then betrayed by his friends and caught by the police, after he had murdered somebody. He was sent to live in a Juvenile Facility where he had to endure a strange torture of being forced to watch horrific movies. When Alex gets home, all the people that had done him wrong had their revenge on a weak, recuperating Alex. Ill let you find out what happened at the end =). A Clockwork Orange is a cult classic. It was Stanley Kubricks 2nd Critically acclaimed film (the first being Spartacus). I was first interested in the book by Anthony Burgess (which in my opinion, is equally as good as the movie). A Clockwork Orange contains only a few of the element that can make a good film. One of them is the makeup. Alex and his gang (droogs) all where a makeup when they go out and do there thing. It gives them all a look of insanity and makes them look disturbed. I think that this was well done because it gives you a feeling of fear. Being afraid of a character in a movie is an excellent way to get to know them. Another element used is the script. Stanley Kubrick used the same special language used in the book. A lot of the words have no real meaning and you still know what they mean. The context the words are used in is very much like the book. Doing this, the book comes to life on the screen. I always enjoy watching a movie the follows the book so close because it doesnt change the story. Another is the theme. The theme of A Clockwork Orange is very hard to explain. However, it still has one if not many. As I stated before, every time I watch it I get something else out of it. That could be why it is such a good film. The first time I watched the movie I found that it was trying to say that not every cure is a good one. The second time I found that if you change your friends may look at you different. I think that the theme may be different to everybody. Lastly, the film uses great actors. The way that Malcolm McDowell can speak the language so fluently, astounds me. I dont know anyone who could pick up that language so quickly and do it so well. There is one part of the film that hes being questioned by the doctor and hes told to say the first thing that comes to his head when he sees a picture, he looks at it and says, No time for the old in-out Love, Ive just come to read the meter. I think that that is one of the funniest parts because you are so used to seeing him beat and rape people. A Clockwork Orange uses many of the basic film techniques. The film transition used throughout the entire movie is a just a cut. It jumps from one scene to the next. The dissolve and wipe are not used. But, the cut is good enough for this movie. However, in one scene Alex is with two young ladies and the film is sped up while they do their thing, which is the extent of the special effects. .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d , .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .postImageUrl , .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d , .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d:hover , .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d:visited , .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d:active { border:0!important; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d:active , .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c7d61542623e79de2e45ca1d5ee306d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Double Helix EssayThe lighting in this film is mostly low key to add to the mood. This is especially true when the gang is out beating and raping or even just hanging out at the Milk Bar. The end of the movie is high key to make Alex seem like a better person because of his treatment. The director also uses a close-up shot when Alex is talking or thinking. I believe this is done so you can get a feel for what he is saying. This film is definitely a science-fiction film for a few reasons. The setting is in the future. You can tell this because they say they are driving a classic 99 Durango, 1999 is done with and for something to be a classic it has to withstand some time. The doctor uses a special drug to fix Alexs mind and mind control is always part of science-fiction. The way things are done and look also give it a science fiction look and feel. This film screams humanities. The whole movie is about society and culture. It was originally rated NC-17 because people thought it would be too much for society. It was also banned in several countries because of its rape and viol;ence and views. It does contain some relevence to my life because I have changed very much over the years and some of my friends have turned on me but I still have my roots stuck in my head. This film says a lot about its culture and time period. It was needed by society to show them that things that control your mind arent always the best. I think that society rejected because of the way it was brought to them. A Clockwork Orange, when it first came out, was rated NC-17 (X) because of rape, violence, and nudity. I believe that for its time this movie was rated very fairly. Now the movie is rated R. The movie is about a gang that goes around, kill, rape, and vandalize. Without the sexual content and violence, the movie wouldnt be a movie. All of these things are needed to establish a plot. I think this movie is perfect the way it is because it builds the characters and plot so well that it would be hard to edit anything out . And it wouldnt follow the book as well if you cut parts of the movie out. The film was so well done that someone wants to remake it. I feel that this film is a classic film. The plot is one that still exist today. You screw up, go to jail or mental institution, and you feel remorse. This film will teach its lesson for all time. Besides that, the actors and directors make the book come to life. To compare A Clockwork Orange to another movie would be like comparing an apple to a piece of steel, it doesnt make sense. The only thing it can be compared to is itself. This film was nominated for best picture, best director, and best screenplay. I believe that it deserves the awards for best director and best screenplay because it was so well done. If I hadnt seen or read A Clockwork Orange I wouldnt be the same person I am today.

International Entrepreneurship the Firm Implement in the US Market

Strengths The firm’s product is a well known fragrance that is recognized for satisfying customers’ needs in its European target markets. This makes it possible for the firm to implement best practices in the US market to help it increase consumers’ loyalty in its products. However, the firm needs to take note of other products that have a large market share which may not be dislodged from their market position easily.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Entrepreneurship: the Firm Implement in the US Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm has a strong retail network that gives it an advantage over its competitors (Pastinen, 2010, p. 52). The firm has partnered with several high end franchises that only sell its products, which gives it more market access to high worth customers. However, some of its competitors use department stores that have large retail networks and this helps them sell their products to more consumers. Weaknesses The firm has several weaknesses in the industry. The foreign currency market is volatile and this has weakened the euro to dollar exchange rate. Other local firms which sell their products in Japan and China are also facing the same problem. The firm needs to increase its dollar reserves to help it overcome this risk. Another weakness is that the firm has no experience in the U.S. market and this may not work to its advantage. This makes it difficult for the firm to predict the amount of future earnings it is likely to get while operating in the industry (Armstrong Kotler, 2011, p. 64). However, this gives it an opportunity to initiate market strategies that help it boost the confidence of its customers. Opportunities In the next six months it is estimated that there will be a reduction in interest rates charged on credit by various lending institutions. This will also benefit other firms which are looking for more funds to expand their operations. The firm needs to put in place proper plans that will help it take advantage of this opportunity. An increase in the number of young consumers who have good incomes is an opportunity the firm needs to exploit in future (Armstrong Kotler, 2011, p. 67). However, this may not have a positive effect on the firm’s future performance since some of them may prefer substitutes. The firm stands to gain more market share if it engages effectively with them. Threats Existence of counterfeit products which target low income consumers is a threat. These counterfeits mislead customers and they dent consumer confidence in the market. The firm needs to invest in strong trademarks to help it discourage this negative habit. It is projected that taxes and other licence charges will be increased and this will have a negative consequence on the performance of the firm’s products in the market. The firm needs to formulate effective strategies to help it overcom e these problems (Porter, 2000, p. 103).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Significance of SWOT This tool helps a business firm understand specific issues that are either beneficial or harmful to its operations in the industry it operates. The classification of various factors through the SWOT tool helps a firm plan its operations in the market effectively. Factors which a firm excels in are considered strengths because they help differentiate its products from its competitors. Weaknesses are internal factors that have a negative effect on a firm’s ability to improve its competitiveness in the industry. Opportunities are those positive prospects in the market that a firm is well positioned to exploit to grow its revenues. Threats are those external factors in the industry that are likely to have a negative effect on a firm’s operations (Kolb, 2008, p. 130). Refer ences Armstrong, G.M. Kotler, P.J. (2011). Marketing: An introduction. London: Pearson. Kolb, B. (2008). Marketing research: A practical approach. London: Sage Publications. Pastinen, M. (2010), High-performance process improvement. London: Springer. Porter, M.E. (2000). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster Publications. This essay on International Entrepreneurship: the Firm Implement in the US Market was written and submitted by user Mia Sharp to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Truss essays

Truss essays The definition of a truss is any of various structural frames based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of straight members subject only to longitudinal compression, tension, or both: functions as a beam or cantilever to support bridges, roofs, etc. Trusses are the most commonly used structural device used in architecture today. Trusses are used in almost every thing they are in your attic, barns, buildings, and bridges. A truss is used in architecture and engineering, it is a supporting structure made of beams, girders, or rods usually made of steel or wood. A truss usually takes the form of a triangle or combination of triangles, this design is capable of carrying large amounts of weight. Trusses are used for large spans and heavy loads, especially in bridges and roofs. Their open construction is lighter than a beam structured platform but is just as strong. The parts of a truss are the tie-beams, posts, rafters, and struts; the distance over which the truss exte nds is called the span. A truss is formed by connecting the ends of straight pieces of metal or wood to form a series of triangles lying in a single plane. A truss is based on the fact that a triangle is a configuration that cannot collapse or change its shape unless the length of one of the sides is changed. The two most commonly used truss designs are the Howe and Warren trusses. In 1806 the first patented bridge system, the Burr arch truss was used in the US. The Town truss was invented in 1820, in 1840 the Howe truss was invented, and in 1841 the bowstring was invented it was a breakthrough in engineering design. The Pratt and Warren trusses were invented between 1838 and 1844. The first trusses were made of wood and used for building homes and roofs. During the 18th and early 19th centuries cast and wrought iron were used, mostly in the construction of railroad bridges. Later in the 19th century steel became the most used truss material. Trusses ar ...

Breaking the Bamboo Ceiling

Asian culture is becoming more and more seen in the western world, with Asian restaurants and settlements such as china town becoming regular parts of most urban areas and the prominence of Asian employees and managers in western businesses will continue to grow along with that. Asian culture is having a growing impact in western society and this should carry over into a larger role for Asians within western companies. The bamboo ceiling, for the large part, does not exist due to intentional racism or discrimination, but instead exists due to a variety of underlying factors that most business managers would not even think twice about. The lack of intentional racism or discrimination as factors is shown in the statistic that over 88% of Asians feel happy and good about their workplace and that 85% feel that there are no disrespectful or offensive actions (Reid amp; Berry, 2010). These factors must be exposed so that western society can focus on correcting this flaw in the corporate world and improving the upper managerial job prospects for Asians. It is wrong of our society to discriminate against other cultures, even if it is an nintentional discrimination, we must be diligent in determining why this is happening and from these factors determine how we can right the situation and help break through the bamboo ceiling. Evidence of the Bamboo Ceiling: The bamboo ceiling can be seen to exist due to the small number of Asians in management positions when compared with the large number of Asians that exist within the western business world. While Asians make up around 5% of the American population, they only represent 2% of CEO’s and upper management of the Fortune 500 companies. Varki despite his clearly excellent qualifications. Eventually he made his way into the academic industry and slowly climbed the corporate ladder, becoming the very first foreign president of the American Society for Clinical Investigation and the first foreign editor of the Journal of Clinical Investigation (Ruttimann, 2009). This was a milestone for many Asian immigrants looking to break the bamboo ceiling. This step was one of the first of many positive examples of Asian immigrants succeeding in western corporate society, yet there is still a long way to go. A more negative example can be seen through the case of Alice Huang who was in the final round of interviews for a position as university president. Throughout the interview she was continually asked what she would be willing to give up if she got the job, and eventually came out and told them she did not think she would get the job due to how she looked and what her race was. In response to this she only received silence from her interviewers which confirmed her suspicions, and shows that the bamboo ceiling is indeed real and that it can have detrimental impacts on the life of Asian immigrants and their careers (Ruttimann, 2009). Conclusion: Companies can greatly benefit from diversifying their management staff as the business world becomes more and more global every year. If you expect to compete on the world stage then you must have a diverse staff with a large knowledge base of overseas areas, such as Asian countries. Having Asians in high level management roles would offer that company valuable information on how to break into markets overseas, as well as how to market products to all Asians, including the growing number of those residing in western society (Reid amp; Berry, 2010). This information could prove to be the difference between a company succeeding and failing in a foreign market, or with the Asian demographic in western society. To receive the benefits that comes with this diversity, western corporations must be very careful to avoid stereotyping and should be more sensitive to others cultures. Understanding that the western way doesn’t apply to everyone and it isn’t necessarily the best practice will help many corporations to get over these stereotypes, be more sensitive to Asian culture and to increase the chance of seeing Asians in top management.

SCM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SCM - Essay Example There are various ways by which optimization of logistical networks can be achieved. SCM is therefore composed of several philosophies on how best to achieve its objectives of a fully-integrated chain of activities encompassing the movement of raw materials, the internal processing of these materials into finished goods inventory and shipping out these products into the market in the fastest and most efficient manner to achieve strategic marketing aims. This paper tackles the two types of systems commonly used today – the JIT and the MRP. Discussion The strategic concept of supply chain management lies in the realization that no single business entity is an island and cannot function optimally if it works entirely alone. The SCM idea is anchored on the dictum that a company providing products or services is nothing but a chain of continually evolving capabilities in a globalized marketplace (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen, 2005:50); it combines its capabilities with the capabilit ies of other firms it deals with. Any discussion of supply chain management involves the subject of logistics. ... Logistics is a way to achieve superior customer service through a precise method of inventory management attained through having the right materials at the right time in the right quantities at a lowest possible cost at the right place. This obsession to have everything right is contained in the JIT or just-in-time management originally developed by Toyota Motors Corporation of Japan. The just-in-time philosophy - of inventory management is anchored on the simple but very profound idea that inventory supplies should not be delivered yet until when required. It therefore presupposes an efficient supply chain that delivers the needed materials just in time when these are needed at the precise moment during the production process to avoid a costly stock-out that disrupts entire production and raises costs or lowers profits. A guiding principle behind this seemingly simple idea is to let demand determine the supply. This simply means a part or material needed will be delivered only at th e precise moment it is needed, not a second earlier or a second later. Benefits of using JIT include smaller storage areas, lower operating capital needed for inventories and minimize need for big buffer stocks (Hensher, 2001:90). Another philosophy underpinning the JIT system is the pull concept of operating costs wherever along the chain. Besides determining the supply through the pull of the demand for a particular inventory item necessary for input in the next production process, JIT places a big emphasis on suppliers to the market a product that is affordable; their profits depend to large extent on internal operational efficiencies that allows profits at a price set by the customer.

Minnie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Minnie - Essay Example In the first stanza it is described about how the "sweet and cute" little Minnie becomes a responsible sister "at the age of four". In spite of her tender age since a baby boy is borne after her she has to take care of him. The line 'you are the big sis' connotes that the caring attitude and attention of the elders is now diverted from the girl child to the baby boy. Not only that, the girl is considered as big enough to take care of her little brother. The girl succumbs to the pressure of the elders and makes "compromises" throughout her childhood. Here "compromises" means the character Minnie has abandoned her rights of being loved and cared in her playful days for the reason that she is borne as a girl child and there is a boy already there who deserves more attention as per social norms. The second stanza provides a good continuity to the narration where Minnie, the character of the poem is in her youthful years. By the line "Wedding bells and diamond ring" it is intended that a girl in her nubile age can be of very romantic and contemplative about the beauties of everything. She dreams of love, romance, and an understanding life partner. The beautiful days, she dreamt of are not so long lasting for her. After marriage she hears from everybody that she has grown up to a "wise woman" and she should make adjustments with her husband, with the in-laws and with every situation. The line "Prudent Woman, respect man" is intended to the voice of the society which clearly speaks of male dominance and their presence at the helm of affairs. The allusion of male chauvinism can be very well deciphered from the above line. The third stanza typically describes the plight of woman particularly during her old age. Minnie is now completely alone. She has her children but has been deserted by all. Though she has poured her love, affection to all members of her family but those are hardly remembered by them. A widow who has not learned to face the challenges of the outer world often cries in the lone life. But what she can do except accepting the situation as they are and making compromises. The poem reiterates the prevalence of gender discrimination in the contemporary society, where woman has to take a backseat in the social hierarchy. Least importance is being given to their cause and comfort. Throughout their life they suffer by adjusting to the adverse situations. A Short Story: Independence Day It was an early awakening for Zayed. He sat and looked at his Grandpa's photograph. Usually, he wakes at six (of course after Mama's yelling), keeps his bedding and sleeping mat in proper place, brushes in few seconds and goes out to bring a pouch of milk. Everyday Zayed used to

An Analytical Biography of The Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

An Analytical Biography of The Catcher in the Rye Essay Critic Jonathan Baumbach explores the significance of innocence in J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye. He claims that the novel is not only about innocence, but actively for innocence-as if retaining one’s childness were an existing possibility. Not only that, but he states that Holden wishes to be a saint: the protector and savior of innocence by preventing them from falling into the cruel adult world of corruption and fickleness. Although he also wants someone to prevent his own fall since he is in fact still a child himself. Baumbach states that this is Holden’s paradox, saying that he must shed his own innocence to protect innocence. These statements are what send Holden off into the three day soul-searching quest that dooms Holden to sinking into insanity in our novel. The critic opens with a rather descriptive insight about how others view and critique Salinger’s first and only novel, as well as pointing some of the flaws that Catcher has: â€Å"The novel is sentimental; it loads the deck for Holden and against the adult world, the small but corrupt group that Holden encounters is not representative enough to permit Salinger his inclusive judgments about the species.† Baumbach claims that Holden does not have enough information to comment on the phoniness of humanity as a whole based on his observations of only a select few. As the critic investigates further, he makes a few interesting points. Some of which regard Mr. Antolini: Holden’s former English teacher. Baumbach claims that Antolini’s kindness to Holden is triggered by a homosexual interest that he has in the protagonist. Pointing  out the flaws in his teachers marriage, as well as ambiguous actions that he had done while with Caulfield. Based on Baumbach’s misguided interpretation the reader could be lead to think that of Mr. Antolini’s gesture as one of a perverted old man rather than as one of concerned mentor. Additionally, the critic moves on to discuss Holden’s concern of where the ducks go during the winter. He claims that what Holden really wants to know is whether there is a benevolent authority that takes care of the ducks; for if there is one for the ducks, there is must be one for people as well. Next, Baumbach switches focus to Holden’s prayer to Allie, which takes place before he goes to visit his family’s apartment. The critic postulates that Holden’s prayer to Allie is not so much an act of anguish as an act of love. However, if one closely examines the scene in the novel, the reader will realize that Holden’s prayer is actually the act of one wallowing in self-pity, of one that has truly hit rock bottom. After examining Jonathan Baumbach’s critique I can gather that he is a wonderful writer, he uses a colorful vocabulary and his sentences are perfectly structured. Although a line should be drawn when using more complex vocabulary; for while reading the critique the reader will likely find themselves having to look up several words to understand the points the critic is trying get across. Not only that, but the critic makes several assumptions based on very little information or goes out on a limb to make a point. Moreover, Baumbach’s points regarding Mr. Antolini’s homosexual nature, the significance of the Central Park ducks, as well as Holden’s prayer to Allie are not entirely concrete, and leave themselves open for dispute. When a reader goes through a book more than once, they find things they never caught while reading it through the first time. One would realize that Holden views Mr. Antolini as a father figure and a role model and comes to him looking for all the answers to the questions no one has figured out yet. For example, during the story when Holden arrives at Mr. Antolini’s apartment, He knows that Holden is spiraling downward and is basically aiming to fall into that insanity he has been drifting towards throughout  the novel, he warns him of this and eventually the two head to sleep. Now the controversial action that causes some of the audience to believe that Mr. Antolini is sexually interested in Caulfied, is that he awoke to find him stroking his hair. Holden misunderstood and made such a rash decision to put everyone into that Phony corrupt persona that he believes humanity is composed of, and storms off out of his home. If Holden was thinking more clearly he would’ve probably been able to handle the situation more responsibly, realizing that Antolini was only stroking his hair in more of a concerned fatherly way. The reader can tell by the way Holden refers to Mr. Antolini they have a strong relationship and he views him as a surrogate father, and not some perverted old man that Baumbach has painted him out to be. Additionally, As far as the Central Park ducks are concerned†¦Holden’s obsessive curiosity about what happens to the ducks during the winter shows the more child-like side to his character. Although Baumbach believes that Holden is searching for a higher power, instead helps him relate to that child innocence he is so fond of. It gives him the hope that change isn’t always permanent. It also helps the reader compare Holden’s perfect world in which time stands still (Like in the Museum of Natural History), to the real world which is constantly changing. Proving that he isn’t searching for some sort of â€Å"higher power† in the ducks, but it was a way to keep in touch with his innocence of his childhood. Lastly, when Holden hits rock bottom in the novel he says a prayer to Allie, in which Baumbach claims that it is an act of love and anguish. Although, this isn’t entirely true. Holden is actually wallowing in his own self-pity, how could he pray to Allie for help when while Allie was alive he wouldn’t even allow him to go on his bike with him and a friend? Sure, he feels regret for it now that he is dead and no longer with him, but it happened yet again when Phoebe wanted to run away with him and Caulfied turned her down the same as he had done with Allie. Proving that after hitting rock bottom Holden is desperate enough to pray although he doesn’t actually believe in God, but is hoping that there is one to not only save him but the soul of his deceased brother as well. In conclusion, Baumbach as a critic did write a well-written review of J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye although it was a bit difficult to understand at times, he made a clear point and backed up his point with facts from the novel. He had colorful vocabulary and his critique flowed well together. Although the critique was a bit on the longer side I did enjoy reading it. The Catcher in the Rye which is believed to be J.D Salinger’s most famous work, had been an everlasting favorite of teens and tweens of the literary scene. This novel known for its stylized prose and focus on themes of angst, alienation, and rebellion has received wide acclaim for its extraordinary sense of originality. This novel will endure as a lifetime favorite of adolescence everywhere because it has life and is probably the most original piece of its time.

Passage Analysis- A Farewell to Arms :: essays research papers

One measure of a powerful writer lies in her ability to write literature in which any passage can be set apart from its context and still express the qualities of the whole. When this occurs, the integrated profundity of the entire work is a sign of true artistry. Ernest Hemingway, an author of the Lost Generation, was one such writer who mastered the art of investing simple sentence structure with layers of complex meaning. Hemingway, who was a journalist in the earlier years of his writing career, was known for writing in a declarative or terse style of prose. The depth of emotion and meaning that he conveyed through such minimalistic text is astounding. He also experimented with a stream-of-consciousness technique developed by writers such as James Joyce and William Faulkner to an interior dimension to his prose. In A Farewell to Arms, the story of wartime romance between an American soldier in the Italian Army, Frederic, and Catherine, the British nurse who cares for him, there are a multitude of passages which could easily stand alone as poetry because of their symbolic meaning. However, when these exceptional passages are woven into the fabric of the novel as a whole, the reader is able to reach an even greater level of understanding. One extraordinary passage is found near the end of the novel during which Frederic Henry agonizes over the danger his lover’s in while she struggles with the birth of their baby. By juxtaposing the imminent birth of Frederic’s child with the possible death of his beloved, Hemingway explores a deep ambivalence about the meaning of life and loss. Throughout this passage, structure plays an important role in illuminating Frederic’s emotional metamorphosis from concern to desperation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passage opens with Frederic watching â€Å"poor, poor dear Cat† (line 1) in her apparent state of helplessness as she struggles through giving birth. Through strong word choice, Hemingway continues to display Frederic’s obvious contemptuous feelings about the biological consequences of love. He views Catherine’s pain and suffering as the â€Å"price you [pay]† (line 1) for loving someone. Ironically, a birth is usually shown in a positive light as the pain one suffers to birth a child pales in comparison to the tremendous joy of receiving a newborn baby. Despite conventions, Frederic feels as if he has been trapped by some malignant force of life and is anything but happy about the impending birth.

Health Belief Model Essay

The health belief model is a useful tool in health education as it assesses the patient’s perception of the disease process on their lives and their readiness to make changes in their lives based on those perceptions. A patient who is s/p MI must make dietary and activity level adjustments to their lives and can make the patient feel overwhelmed at the mountain of lifestyle changes heading their way (Eldeman & Mandle, 2010). Using the health belief model, the nurse can assess the current dietary and activity habits of the patient, their perception of the severity of the condition requiring lifestyle changes, and together with the patient, formulate a plan consisting of multiple small changes that yield healthy results, while encouraging the patient to see the benefits of altering their lifestyle. Patients are more likely to make necessary changes when they perceive the outcomes as personally beneficial, and making several, small changes, such as using fresh green beans instead of canned to decrease the sodium intake, helps the patient to feel more in control and gives them confidence by decreasing the overwhelming feelings that large changes can invoke. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient would be: Anxiety related to changes in environment and routines and as evidenced by expressions of inadequacy in make necessary changes (Gulanick, 2007). Appropriate interventions would be : Assess the patient’s readiness to learn, current lifestyle habits, knowledge of health condition, and desired learning mode (i.e. visual, auditory, kinesthetic). Allow the patient to express fears and concerns regarding the lifestyle changes. Develop, with the patient, a strategy for making lifestyle changes building on small short term goals, such as cooking techniques, dietary substitutions to currently enjoyed foods, simple exercise techniques easily incorporated into lifestyle. Provide resource material and/or support groups for patient to utilize once at home. Outcomes for assessing behavior changes: Patient accurately describes health condition and necessary lifestyle changes. Patient accurately describes techniques for implementing lifestyle changes. Patient expresses confidence in making required lifestyle changes. References Edelman, Mandle, C. (2010). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span (7th ed). Mosby. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/9780323056625/id/B9780323056625000103_p0935 Gulanick, M. (2007). Nursing Care Plans: Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention (6th ed). C.V. Mosby. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/0-323-03954-5/2/10

Abnormal Deviation in international exchange Essay

You are a Finance Manager at a company in your city. Your company purchase goods from international markets. You are planning to buy equipment worth AED55 million. You have decided to save the company some money and you have proposed to check the exchange rate for 5 days at www.xe.com for the currency of the country where you want to buy the equipment. You managed to secure two quotations from different suppliers from different countries using different currencies. The equipment is needed in January 2015. Transportation cost AED5 million and is paid in here to a UAE transportation company. The balance amount should be used to purchase the equipment. The transportation of the equipment is agreed to be arriving in UAE on the 5th of January 2015. It takes 3 days to fly the equipment to UAE. Whatever purchasing you are planning should be done in advance to give room for transporting the equipment. See more: Satirical essay about drugs The foreign supplier has agreed to give you a quotation for the equipment that is valid for 7 days. You want to take advantage of the quoted prices. The Equipment is quoted in both British pounds and in Euros. The Equipment is costing BP £860 000 and it is also quoted in EUROâ‚ ¬ 1 090 000. You had a meeting with your CEO and you both agreed to check the market performance of these two currencies and purchase the equipment when it is giving you a competitive advantage. The Activities to do: Check the exchange rate for a period of 5 days and create a table of comparisons of how much will be your Dh50m worth on each of the five days in both Euros and GB pounds. Choose the currency you will use for your transactions. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the first day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the second day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the third day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the fourth day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the fifth day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Write a report to support your decision for the transaction you have done. In your recommendation outline what makes your decision the best decision for the company. Consider every day you were monitoring the currencies, as the day you made a decision and purchased that equipment. Was that the best decision and why? [10 marks] Solution Table of comparison Conversion of DH to GBP 1dh = 0.173796 GDP 50,000,000 Ãâ€" 0.173796 GBP = 8,689,800 Conversion of DH to EURO 1DH = 0.221629 EURO 50,000,000 Ãâ€" 0.221629 EURO = 11,081,450 change Days Value of EURO (+ 1.44) Change in value % change Value of POUND (+0.3885) Change in value % change 1 11,241,023 159,573 1.44 8,723,516 33,716 0.388 2 11,402,894 161,870 1.46 8,757,363 33,747 0.390 3 11,567,096 164,202 1.48 8,791,342 33,979 0.391 4 11,733,663 166,566 1.50 8,825,452 34,110 0.393 5 11,902,627 168,965 1.52 8,859,695 34,243 0.394 Will use EURO as my currency in the transactions. Cost of the equipments on the first day in DH. 101.44100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 = â‚ ¬ 1,105,696 1 DH = 0.221629 1,105,696 à · 0.221629 = DH 4,988,950. Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 75,300. Cost of the equipments on the second day in DH. Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 100 + 1.46% = 101.46% 101.46100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,105,914 1 DH = 0.221629 1,105,914 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,989,934 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 76,284. Cost of the equipment on the third day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.48100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,132 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,132 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,990,917 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 77, 267. Cost of the equipment on the fourth day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.50100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,350 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,350 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,991,901 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 78,251. Cost of the equipment on the fifth day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.52100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,568 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,568 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,992,885 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 79,235. REPORT ON DECISION FOR TRANSACTION FOR PURCHASING EQUIPMENTS The above transaction was appropriate since it has brought a good comparison between the exchange rate in both quotations AED/EURO. Findings It can be observed that by use of this transaction the finance manager can be able to save for the company. The transaction of this equipment will take less than AED 50 millions Conclusion This method is best used when carrying out official transaction for example which government is involved. Recommendation This kind of transaction should be encouraged since it help in stabilizing the country currency. We find that the effect of exchange rate behave differently in the five days meaning that in each an everyday the currency get an additional value. It hence strengthens currency. References The great Soviet Encyclopidia, 3rd edition (1970 – 1979).@2010. The gale group, IncCassel Guster (DSecember 1918) â€Å"Abnormal Deviation in international exchange,† 28, No 112. The economic journal. Pp.413 – 415.UBS’S â€Å"prices and earnings† report. Source document

The Crucible Arthur Miller Essay Example

The Crucible Arthur Miller Essay Example The Crucible Arthur Miller Essay The Crucible Arthur Miller Essay However there are more then two sides to Proctor. He appears to be a character with a split personality. Whilst under the courts influence, Proctor is very polite towards Danforth; it is almost as if he is on his best behaviour. Though Danforth dismisses most of Proctors statements, Proctor does not react in the way he might have if it were another character. Proctor acting in Giles honour states, Forgive him sir, for his old age. Peace, Giles, well prove it all now. Although Danforth implies this is all a waste of time Proctor continues. Proctors response is not as objective as it would have been if it were someone else he was talking to. This is because Proctor has visible respect for Danforth and is aware that he is under his authority. When Danforth cuts off Proctors speech, he reacts calmly, whereas if this had happened under normal everyday circumstances, he may have objected to the fact that he was not allowed to finish his sentence. This shows that Proctor not only has respect for Danforth but also for the court, showing that he is in fact a decent man. Also during this trial scene, Parris endless attempts at blackening Proctors name to show the side of Proctor that he knows is pointless as Proctor remains civil and does not respond to him. Parris states in hope of an outrageous outburst, Hes come to overthrow this court, Your Honour! Proctor simply ignores this accusation and continues with what he has come to the court to do. Although ignoring Parris statement was probably hard Proctor managed to rise above his level. When Proctor makes his confession, Hale is surprised but still admires and believes in him. By my oath to heaven, I believe him now. This quote adds to the indication of Hales respect for Proctor, because he has outcasted himself knowing the consequences. Also Hale is strongly against Proctors execution and feels responsible because there is nothing he can do to stop it. Hale feels so strongly against the execution, that he feels himself to be Proctors murderer. I would save your husbands life for if he is taken I count myself his murderer. This conveys Hales opposition to the courts decisions. Parriss reaction is the complete opposite of Hales. Parris seems extremely pleased; it is as if justice has been done in his eyes. When accusations are made against Proctor, by Mary Warren (such as, Youre the Devils man. ) Parris calls out Praise God like it is something he had been trying to expose Proctor of since the beginning of the trial. Parris gives the impression of someone who has been trying to lead the town against Proctor and has now become successful. From these two very different reactions to Proctors confession it is clear that Proctors trial had more against him then for him. Hale who is an outsider had no successful input whereas Parris, who lives in the province and dislikes Proctor, is taken heed of. Through John Proctor, Arthur miller has portrayed a character that is strong willed, not afraid to do his own thing, and is extremely brave. This relates to Millers comments on individuality because to be your own person these are just a few personal traits you need to have. In this essay I have explained Proctors relationship with the two ministers Hale and Parris and their suspicions of Proctors faith. To do this I have explained the relationship he has with them and their reactions to his confession in court.

Local Area Networking Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Local Area Networking Technology - Assignment Example From the discussion it is clear that  in the primary school being analysed in this case, there is the need to keep the communications of pupils distinct from that of the staff members. To do this, it is important to analyse the traffic flow of the LAN in the primary school. The general definition of network analysis is the calculation of the amount of data sent or received over a network within a given period of time. The significance of analysing the traffic flow is to determine the bandwidth usage on the LAN network while conducting objective data analysis with the aim of performance tuning, volumetric planning and updating the hardware in use. The traffic flow analysis is performed using analysis software. All the data sent over a given network forms a fraction of data traffic regardless of the source and the purpose it performsThis paper stresses that  traffic analysis tools will be highly essential in projecting the trend of data flow over LAN network in order to determine t he content accessible to the school pupils and what should not be accessed. The best way of initiating this distinction is to employ an IP address that is fully visible to the primary school management. In this regard, each student or teacher accessing the website for the first time will collect the IP address of the server as well as the service port number.  The Solar winds Orion 8.2 can be effective and suitable in this project since it monitors the rate of traffic flow, recording and presenting the results through charts.  

Evidence based practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Evidence based practice - Essay Example We aim to look deeply into the methods used in this research to come to a conclusion whether the results that are given are credible and whether we can be relied on. In this study a sample group of 61 adolescents diagnosed with cancer is used. This number is not good enough as there are many types of cancer and a larger group would have given better results. The reference group used to compare the mental health and vitality of the patients and the adolescents who were normal comprised of 300 young adults. Interviews were done by phone which brings in the possibility of lack of integrity. Though we can’t rule out the possibility that the adolescents interviewed gave correct information, they could also have given false information as there was no direct contact with the interviewer (Woodgate, 1999, Parry & Chesler, 2005). In the study we are not given the names of the adolescents who were interviewed. That speaks positively of the condition of anonymity required for social and scientific surveys. From the results, the adolescents diagnosed with cancer show reduced mental health and vitality, their depression levels are high compared to that of the reference group which shows higher levels of mental health and vitality and lower levels of depression. This report can be faulty taking that many of the patients receive treatment after a period of time and they are likely to undergo depression at such times due to the effect of the therapies. The adolescents can therefore suffer from low mental health and vitality for as long as they are undergoing the treatment and then the levels of mental health and vitality start rising once treatment is over. The results are collected up to 48 months after the first test. The study concludes that their mental health at that time is higher than that of the reference group. This is also a matter of probabilities as the adolescents suffer from other problems like lack of funds, they are unable to play well, some drop from sc hool as their parents or guardians are not willing to continue paying for their fees, some feel isolated and also some feel that their parents are too caring always calling them to check whether they are safe and taking medication (Collins et al., 2000; Ware & Kosinki, 2001; Tedeschi & Calhom 2004). There are also other problems which come as a consequence of smarting from cancer like change of facial appearance and baldness which can make the adolescents’ esteem to be very low. This can cause lower mental health and vitality and can cause the levels of depression to be higher than that of the reference group. The increased mental health could have been attributed to accepting the situation and learning to live with it and also by efforts from counseling and guidance which are not mentioned in the study. There are other disorders that make the adolescents to have low mental health and vitality apart from cancer. The reference group that was used does not reflect such a situat ion. It is common to find adolescents who are suffering from diseases like diabetes and TB which as well will cause the levels of depression to rise. This means that at one time the reference sample may show results where the

Simple Random Sampling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Simple Random Sampling - Essay Example This method would allow collection of data in all the target areas without any bias. Simple random sampling is a statistical tool used in research. In this research method, a subset of a sample is chosen from a population. All individuals are chosen randomly by chance, so that all individuals have the same probability at all the stages of the sampling process. (Patton, 2002). In both large and small populations, such process is done without replacement. An individual avoids choosing a member of a population more than once. Simple random can also be done with replacements but, when done without replacement, it not independent but it still accommodates interchangeability. For an extremely small subset from large population, simple random sampling without replacement gives the same results as wit replacement. Unbiased sampling is incredibly paramount so that the sample selected represents the entire population. This does not show that the sample is a perfect representation of the popula tion, but it provides valid conclusion in relation to the population. This is the simplest sampling technique, and it requires a complete sampling frame which is not feasible to construct from a big population. (Zikmund, 2010). One critical advantage is that it is free from errors, and it requires exceptionally little knowledge on the subsets. The respondents were people who could understand all that were required, and thus especially minimal explanation was required from the researchers. The questions that were used were applicable to all the businesses that were involved in the research. This is because, in simple random sampling, the subsets selected are picked from the target population. This makes it easy to interpret the data collected. The data collected was easy to analyze, and analyze since the respondents had almost the same answers to the research questions. The method was also suitable because the research was not gathering technical information that required experts. It was economical to explain the questions to the respondents, since it did target a large number of people. (Creswell, 2009). On the contrary, it has a lot of errors due to the randomness of selection that can give samples that do not reflect the characteristics of the actual population. For example, a simple random sampling of 20 businesses will averagely produce 10 businesses that got assistance from venture capital and 10 that did not, but the actual trial will over present or under present one of the category. The result of the research was incredibly consistent with the expectation of the researcher. There was no immense variation between the actual and the expected. This implies that simple random was a superior method for this research. Simple random sampling is tedious and exceptionally cumbersome when done from a large population. There was a lot of movement from one enterprise to the other to look for the respondents. Some of the respondents were not available at the time o f conducting the interview, and so the researcher had to go to another time. There were especially many entrepreneurs to be interviewed, and this method was so effective since it saved time. This was so imperative since it will not be feasible to interview all the businesspersons. It also complicated if the research questions are exceedingly many. The questionnaire had many questions, and this method only allowed the target group to answer the questions. The

NWICO An International Debate on Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

NWICO An International Debate on Culture - Essay Example (Kirkpatrick, 2004. p 235 - 240) In this context, it has been held by people from various quarters that the Third World has been widely ignored on many counts that will be discussed through this essay. The West has been criticised for cultural domination in the operating values of the NWICO. This is a fact that comes across in role played by the U.S. when it comes to the creation and reproduction of this worldwide consumer society. This role might have reduced in significance, but there is still a strong American upper hand in the complementary institutions and the content that is transmitted. In terms of assessing the NWICO's stand regarding the third world criticisms of the cultural domination of the west, this essay tries to look at the justifications for such claims. Through a study of various examples from different areas, I will seek to discuss the options available to study and combat the disbursement of unequal information flow in terms of the results it reaps and the events it triggers. This paper will thus aim at an analysis of the conception of the Western strategy that is targeting the third world nations by giving them "false consolation". ... Origin of the Debate The debate revolving around unequal information flow in different corners of the globe first began in the 1970s. This was an overthrow of the demands by the Third World leaders for a New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). At that time, these people tried to argue their case by stating that the control of major international information channels and sources is held tightly by the West and its media owing to which the rest of the world ends up being showcased along a disadvantageous line. (Reeves, 1993. p 25 to 44) With the concept of "de facto hegemony", the Tunisian Information Minister Mustapha Masmoudi based demands on the claims that West was ignorant of the aspirations and sentiments that shaped the events and trends in the developing world which led to transmission of information regarding any and every events in a way where emphasis was on the West. This resulted in the McBride Commission which laid down that each nation must have a platform to express itself in terms of relevant transmission of its interests, values and events, so as to command equal respect from all quarters. Therefore, it acknowledged the fact that the West and its monopoly over communication, paid attention only to the political instability and economic backwardness of the Third World. (Reeves, 1993. p 56 to 70) In response, Margaret Thatcher and Ronal Reagan led an attack on the possible reforms for international information flow models with the claim that the third world was simply a throw back on the Soviet syndrome. The fall of the Soviet Union led to a death of the debate. Finally in 1996, information ministers of several non-aligned nations were seen

Twin Deficit Relationship in a Developing Open Economy

Twin Deficit Relationship in a Developing Open Economy 5.1 Summary. This study investigates the twin deficit relationship in a developing open economy like India. The study strives to demonstrate that Keynesian proposition of a long run equilibrium relationship exists between the twin deficits, but the reversed direction of causality was found. That is the causality flows from current account deficit to budget deficit as against from budget deficit to the current account deficit. This study reveals that the twin deficit have a positive long run relationship between the budget deficit and current account deficit using the Johansen multivariate co-integration approach. The result confirms the existence of a long run relationship between the two deficits, thus supporting the Mundell-Fleming theory and refuting the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH). The term â€Å"twin deficit† was initially invented to describe the co-movement between the budget deficit and the current account deficit in the United States (Chang and Hsu, 2009). Afterwards, researchers began applying it to other countries. Ever since, it has become an important area for researchers to examine the causal link between the two deficits and the direction of causality. The coincident of budget deficit and the current account deficits for most countries most especially in the United States (US) during the mid-1980s led to the characterization of this phenomenon as the â€Å"twin deficits† issue as both economic theory and empirical observation suggested a link between the two deficits. The main thrust of the twin deficit hypothesis is that current account deficits of most countries is caused by government’s budget deficits phenomenon and the most suitable way to solve this problem and stabilize internal and external deficits is reducing the government’s budget deficit. In other words, the direction of causality flows from the budget deficit to current account deficit. Two major theories used to explain the causal link between budget deficit and current account deficits are the Mundell-Fleming Model and the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH). The traditional Keynesians use the Mundell-Fleming model to explain the twin deficit relationship by arguing that when budget deficit increases, the current account balance will deteriorate as the increases in the budget deficits will lead to increase real exchange rate, domestic interest rates and leads capital inflows and will deteriorate budget deficit. Some group of researchers used the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH) to argue that no relationship exists between the two deficits as budget deficits results mainly from tax cuts which tend to reduce public revenue and public savings. They suggest that individuals will recognize these tax cuts as incurring future tax liabilities and thus will increase savings rather than consumption and will not have any effect on the current account balance. In examining the causal link between the two deficits for India, the study carry out the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test (ADF) and all the variables were found to be stationary after first differencing at 1 percent level of significance. Then applying the Johansen co-integration method, the study followed the max statistics and maximum Eigen value which stated that there exists at most one co-integrating equation in the model, signifying the existence of a long run relationship between the twin deficits as argued by the conventional twin deficit hypothesis. To identify the direction of causality between the two deficits multivariate Granger causality test was employed. To estimate the short run causality among the variables Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed between the twin deficits and their interacting variables (such as inflation, interest rate and exchange rate) for the period (1990 to 2013). To predict the movements and behavior of two deficit impulse resp onse function was used to traces the impact of one standard deviation shock to one innovation on its current and future value of endogenous variables. The Granger causality test showed a uni-directional causality flowing from the current account deficits to the budget deficits in India between 1990 and 2013. The result of the Wald Test showed that the causality between budget deficit and current account does not exist, on the other hand it has been proved it is the current account deficit which leads the budget account deficit for the India economy. What is the reason it moves from cad to bd write 5.2 Recommendations. From the findings of the study, the following recommendations are given: 1) If government intends to reduce its â€Å"twin deficit† dilemma, it must begin by reducing its current account deficits and this can be achieved by reducing imports, increasing exports or a combination of both measures. 2) Also, since the findings of this study showed evidence of reverse causation from current account deficits to budget deficits, adjustments in fiscal balance can only be achieved through the implementation of strong external policies. 3) It is important for government to equally diversify the sources of national income since the economic transformation will result to minimal fluctuations in the fiscal balance of the Indian economy, thus resolving the â€Å"twin deficits† dilemma. 4) The study found that of all the interacting variables, in which interest rate and exchange rate Granger causes current account deficits. This implies that changes in the interest rate of the Indian economy will impact significantly in the current account balance. So the Central Bank of India must endeavour to consciously monitor the inflation and interest rate in the economy. 5) In reducing the current account deficit, increase in domestic savings is required which in turn requires the development of a strong financial sector. Write more 5.3 Conclusions. The study using modern econometric methods for estimation which showed that the twin deficits hypothesis was valid for the Indian economy as the result from the co-integration test showed the existence of long run equilibrium relationship between the budget deficit and the current account deficit. Also, the study found strong support for reverse causation also known as â€Å"current account targeting† for India. This implies that even the Mundell-Fleming model was valid for India the direction of causality was not from budget deficit to current account deficit but rather from current account deficit to budget deficit. It is evident from the results of the study that the direction of causation is from trade deficit to budget deficit therefore if there is trade deficit then it can certainly cause serious problem for the fiscal policy as well. That is why to avoid such problematic situation prudent steps should be taken to reduce trade deficit by coordination of fiscal and moneta ry policies with trade policy. Higher interest rate and higher inflation reduce competitiveness of our export and consequently deteriorate our trade balances and creates new problem for economy. The economic implication of this phenomenon is very important for the Indian economy. The reverse causality that was found to exist for India implies that if the Indian government intends to reduce the â€Å"twin deficit† phenomenon in India, it must begin by reducing the current account deficits. In other words, policies showed should be geared towards controlling the deficit in the current account most especially by diversifying the export base of the economy by promoting.

My Antonia Essay: Antonia and Jim -- My Antonia Essays

Antonia and Jim of My Antonia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         In Willa Cather's My Antonia a special bond is formed, shattered, mended, and eventually secured between the main characters, Antonia Shimerda and Jim Burden. Jim and Antonia seem to be destined to affect each other's lives dramatically, from the beginning of the novel.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Starting at a young age, the main characters lives are intertwined. They form a special bond, which have both positive and negative affects on their relationship. At the time when Jim and Antonia are growing up, a rigid social structure exists in Nebraska. This social difference contributed to the creation and alteration of their friendship; in part, it is responsible for their behavior toward one another.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader may discover a social distinction in the way the Shimerdas and the Burdens live. The Shimerdas are a family of immigrants who come to Nebraska with nothing but the hope of building a better life. They have no knowledge of this new world that they are about to enter, except the image of their neighbor's lives. In Black Hawk the Shimerdas are not even on the social scale. The Burdens, on the other hand, are clearly part of a higher social order. They have impressive possesions and are even considered very wealthy by their new Bohemian neighbors.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, despite the social order, Jim and Antonia, immediately become friends. Their friendship is sparked when Jim teaches Antonia how to read and speak English. This is one of the first times the reader sees a division in their educational and social status. It affects them positively by bringing them closer together.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the novel progresses, the two young people remain fair... ... Randolph. "Review of My Antonia." Murphy's Critical Essays 145-147. Cather, Willa. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 5th edition, Vol 2. New York:W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1998, Pgs 937-1070. Dyck, Reginald. "The Feminist Critique of Willa Cather's Fiction: A Review Essay." Women's Studies 22 (1993): 263-279. Ferguson, Mary Anne. "My Antonia in Women's Studies: Pioneer Women and Men-- The Myth and the Reality." Rosowski's Approaches to Teaching 95-100. Helmick, Evelyn. "The Mysteries of Antonia." Bloom's Willa Cather's . . . , 109-119. Rosowski, Susan J., ed. Approaches to Teaching Cather's My Antonia. New York: The Modern Language Association of America. 1989. Trilling, Lionel. "Willa Cather." Bloom's Modern Critical Views 7-15. Woodress, James. Willa Cather: Her Life and Art. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1970. My Antonia Essay: Antonia and Jim -- My Antonia Essays Antonia and Jim of My Antonia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         In Willa Cather's My Antonia a special bond is formed, shattered, mended, and eventually secured between the main characters, Antonia Shimerda and Jim Burden. Jim and Antonia seem to be destined to affect each other's lives dramatically, from the beginning of the novel.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Starting at a young age, the main characters lives are intertwined. They form a special bond, which have both positive and negative affects on their relationship. At the time when Jim and Antonia are growing up, a rigid social structure exists in Nebraska. This social difference contributed to the creation and alteration of their friendship; in part, it is responsible for their behavior toward one another.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader may discover a social distinction in the way the Shimerdas and the Burdens live. The Shimerdas are a family of immigrants who come to Nebraska with nothing but the hope of building a better life. They have no knowledge of this new world that they are about to enter, except the image of their neighbor's lives. In Black Hawk the Shimerdas are not even on the social scale. The Burdens, on the other hand, are clearly part of a higher social order. They have impressive possesions and are even considered very wealthy by their new Bohemian neighbors.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, despite the social order, Jim and Antonia, immediately become friends. Their friendship is sparked when Jim teaches Antonia how to read and speak English. This is one of the first times the reader sees a division in their educational and social status. It affects them positively by bringing them closer together.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the novel progresses, the two young people remain fair... ... Randolph. "Review of My Antonia." Murphy's Critical Essays 145-147. Cather, Willa. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 5th edition, Vol 2. New York:W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1998, Pgs 937-1070. Dyck, Reginald. "The Feminist Critique of Willa Cather's Fiction: A Review Essay." Women's Studies 22 (1993): 263-279. Ferguson, Mary Anne. "My Antonia in Women's Studies: Pioneer Women and Men-- The Myth and the Reality." Rosowski's Approaches to Teaching 95-100. Helmick, Evelyn. "The Mysteries of Antonia." Bloom's Willa Cather's . . . , 109-119. Rosowski, Susan J., ed. Approaches to Teaching Cather's My Antonia. New York: The Modern Language Association of America. 1989. Trilling, Lionel. "Willa Cather." Bloom's Modern Critical Views 7-15. Woodress, James. Willa Cather: Her Life and Art. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1970.

Practical Life Exercises Montessori Free Essay

DMT 104 Practical Life (Assignment One) Montessori in the Absorbent Mind writes that â€Å"the hands are instruments of man’s intelligence†. It is therefore critical that children develop the ability to control and coordinate their hand muscle so that these can come into contact with the environment in intelligent ways. Discuss the principles underlining the practical life exercises and how it fosters independence in children. Introduction A child in the first six years becomes a full member of her particular culture and family group absorbing language, attitudes, manners and values of those in which she comes in daily contact.A child develops properly if they are in an environment full of affection, love, caring and support. They feel comfortable and safe when they find a secure and lovable environment. Children learn according to their abilities. In the first six years of life they do this by imitating those around them. To support this we should provide them a physic al and social environment suitable for them. We should provide the children with the tools they can create by themselves.Children are able to explore, investigate and fulfil the natural curiosity about the world around them. The child's purposes are not to complete the task as much as to construct the self. In addition, Dr Maria Montessori developed her philosophy of education based upon actual observations of children. She said children prefer work than play, and they can only be in their natural self, when their natural self is satisfied through work. It’s also through work they acquire independence, order, the power of concentration and be normalized.Exercises of Practical Life were introduced and were recognized at the very heart of Montessori Education for it provides the opportunity for the child’s development of physical co-ordination, social skills, emotional growth as well as cognitive preparation. Practical Life Activities are the first activities the child i s introduced to within the Montessori environment. These exercises are prepared based on activities children witnesses in their day to day life. That is why children can immediately satisfy their inner needs and desires by mastering these exercises independently.Also Practical Life area allows children to do the things what adults do every day, for example cleaning, dressing or greeting people. As we know that children construct their knowledge by themselves through their life exercises. Motive of Practical Life Exercises Practical Life Curriculum area has four main direct aims; Order, Co-ordination, independence and Concentration. Dr Maria Montessori observed that children need order at a specific sensitive period in their development. I f not provided during this period the opportunity is foregone. A routine is very important as well as a place for everything and everything in its place.This offers the child for orderly self construction. Co-ordination refers to coordinating large and small muscle movements as well as eye-hand co-ordination that reflect the respective development of child’s mental life. In the practical life exercise of Montessori they learns to concentrate, to develop the fine-gross motor skills-i. e. controlling the muscle, to develop language, to develop the mathematical concepts, they will be good in care of environment, they will be good in logical steps and they are ready to complete the cycle of activity.This is will be the good basement for the children not only in the early childhood, but throughout in life. â€Å"If teaching  is to be effective with young children, it must assist them to advance on the way to independence. It must initiate them into those kinds of activities, which they can perform themselves. We must help them to learn how to walk without assistance, to run, to go up and down the stairs, to pick up fallen objects, to dress and undress, to wash themselves, to express their needs, and to attempt to satisfy their desires through their own efforts. All this is part of an education for independence. † – TheDiscovery of the Child by Maria Montessori MM, pg. 56~57 By giving the exercise of practical life in his early years of the child, he goes through a period when he wants to or likes to learn to do all the work he sees the adult doing. At first, he likes to learn the works at home. This age will pass, but if it is used, the child will know how to do everything well in the home environment. He will grow intellectually. It requires real intelligence to run a modern home. The indirect aim of Practical life exercise is to meet the child’s needs, to encourage and facilitate development, and to facilitate the child's adaptation to the world.It is very important that the child is given freedom to do these exercises at a time the child pleases; he should be allowed to try, make mistakes and correct his mistakes by himself without any help. The satisfaction of completing an activity drives the child towards independence. â€Å"Man achieves his independence by making efforts. To be able to do a thing without any help from others: this is independence. If it exists, the child can progress rapidly; if it does not, his progress will be slow† The Absorbent Mind, chapter. XIV, pg 155 The power of Concentration is one of the most calming activities for a child.This is something which is controlled by the child and it challenges his body and his mind. With concentration the child is able to focus on purposeful work. I’ve witnessed to the concentration that my 3 and half year old niece had for folding her little brothers’ nappies. The pile of nappies was two times bigger than her, I thought, she would be bored and leave, but for my amazement after 45 minutes I could see that she has folded all nappies very neatly and have kept one on top of another and was ready to be placed in the drawers. Within the Montessori classroom deep concentration can be acquired through the ‘Silence Game†.To achieve silence requires effort and the attention of the will, and maximum control of self-consciousness of every movement. Montessori thought of the silence lesson as a means for bringing children to this higher level of spiritual awareness. Practical Life Exercises aid the child in his journey towards normalization As a result of learning Practical Life Exercises in the Montessori environment, the child starts to develop confidence, self-esteem, he grow towards independence, mutual aid and co-operation, profound spontaneous concentration, attachment to reality and most importantly child's joy of learning is supreme.All these help the child to lead towards normalization. The normalized children possess a unique character and personality not recognized in young children. Children needs a carefully prepared environment It is important to provide the child an environment to work on activities of their own choice at their own p ace experiencing freedom and self discipline while developing towards independence. Even though materials in Practical Life area are the least standardized, exercises needs to be carefully thought and designed. A prepared environment should consist of purposeful and meaningful materials and properly trained instructors.When preparing materials the teacher needs to consider few principles of the Montessori Practical Life materials which satisfy Childs’ development needs. Firstly she needs to make sure that each material we give the child should have a definite purpose, for an example the mat is laid to mark the area of his workstation, handling the spoon develops child’s skill of spooning which leads to independence. Secondly materials should progress from simple to more complex design and usage. As a preliminary exercise for transferring solid objects we could give the child a spoon and later, it could progress to tweezers, chopsticks.Also it should be designed to prep are the child indirectly for future learning’s such as writing, mathematics and scientific concepts. We prepare the child for wiring by teaching them the pincer grip, using thumb, index and middle fingers to hold objects and by left to right and top to bottom concepts, so that these orders naturally incarnates in the child’s mind. The mathematical concepts such as judgement of capacity and volume, division, calculation and exactness includes in activities of spooning, pouring and sweeping.The activity, transferring water using a sponge gives the child the scientific concept of weight. The child could feel the weight of the sponge defers when the water is absorbed and when the water is released. Dr. Maria Montessori said, â€Å"Each individual should become aware of his own errors. Each should have a means of checking, so that he can tell if he is right or not. † Absorbent Mind, Chapter XXIV, pg 247 So she included the path to perfection, which she called â€Å" the Control of Error† within the materials itself so the child would be able to observe the activity he completes and understand his own mistakes.If a child has finished working on the dressing frame with large buttons, and he can see that buttons has gone through wrong buttonholes or buttoning halfway or seeing only half of the button come up the flap, these would be his control of errors. He has the opportunity to guide himself to correct his own mistakes. â€Å"Never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed. †-Maria Montessori. Furthermore when preparing the activity in the Montessori classroom the directress need to make sure that all materials are kept together in a basket or a tray and grouped accordingly to the level of development.The activity should have its unique location and be reachable to the child so that the child could use the materials of their own choice and return the exercise, leading to independence and self-discipline. Also it is important to be providing attractive and clean child friendly and child size materials. Each activity should be limited in quantity. In a Montessori classroom the directress plays a major role. She needs to be properly trained, be a good role model and she should be able to develop and maintain a happy and rewarding teacher-child relationship. The first essential is that the teacher should go thru an inner, spiritual preparation – cultivate certain aptitudes in the moral order. † Her Life and Work, Chapter XVIII, pg 298 The teacher’s prime objectives are to maintain order in the prepared environment, facilitate the development of the child, and encourage independence and self-sufficiency. Practical life activities can be divided into the following 4 categories: Exercises in each of these categories provide the opportunity to do purposeful work and are designed to teach the child life skills, so that they may become confident to do their daily chores at home. Care of the self: includes activities such as hand washing, dressing, and personal hygiene. These activities embody the foundations of self-esteem. The exercises are designed to provide the child skills need for his sole independence. In order to gain independence, the child needs to establish will and discipline in order. The child needs to build himself and learn to take care of himself * Care of the environment: includes activities such as washing chairs, dusting, raking leaves, cooking, feeding animals, watering plants, composting, recycling and job time at the end of the day.These activities promote the beginnings of community awareness and embody the foundations of an ecological ethic. They learn that they are a part of the environment and learn to respect and develop a sense of responsibility towards the environment. Also the child will gradually learn how to gain greater control of his gross motor movements so that he would be able perform more complex tasks later on. Some of th e activities such as washing of a table can be carried out as a group task, which helps the child to be socialized. Social relations and courtesy: Maria Montessori called these exercises Grace and Courtesy. They include developing skills in greeting visitors, participating in a conversation, self-assertion, resolving conflicts, initiating and maintaining friendships. These exercises are focused on developing will power, establish a proper posture, greet people, excuse one and interrupt when necessary. Maria Montessori considers the Social Grace and Courtesy activities as the most important exercises in the practical life curriculum.She felt that when children are first brought into a Montessori classroom, emphasis must be placed on social grace exercises. * Development of Motor Skills: this includes many exercises involving hand/eye coordination, carrying objects, self-expression through movement as well as initiating and inhibiting actions and impulses. The Silence Game is an examp le of a group activity in which children have to restrain impulses to speak or move for a short period of time in order to report on what they may have experienced in the interim.The particular exercise will be appropriate for any particular child will depend on that child’s individual development and interest. ans it is only possible to give a very general indication as to whether an exercise is ‘early’, ‘immediate or ‘later’. So each and every activity indirectly helps them to develop the language, mathematics movements and social awareness. To give an opportunity to exercise and co-ordinate body movement is one of the aims of the exercises of Practical Life activity.Movement is so important for the young children; children need to move. Movement is very important to the child; because it contributes not only for the physical growth also intellectual and spiritual development of the child. â€Å"Through Movement, he acts upon his external en vironment and thus carries out his own personal mission in the world. Movement is not only an impression of the ego but it is an indispensable factor in the development of consciousness, since it is the only real means which places the ego in a clearly defined relationship with external reality. The secret of childhood by Maria Montessori pg-97 Conclusion Practical Life exercises teach children to care for themselves, for others, and for the environment. They involve a wide variety of activities such as carrying objects, walking, polishing, sweeping, dusting, lacing, mainly activities that are done in day to day living. It is divided into four major areas namely: movement, care of self, care of environment, and grace and courtesy.These activities are Montessori’s response to the child’s need for movement, order, independence, among many others; they are basic activities that enable the child to explore his environment and eventually make him one with it. Through practi cal life exercises, he learns to refine his movements, becomes conscious of his body and of what his body can do. He learns how to move and act in a socially accepted manner, thus helping him in his task of adaptation. He learns the ways of social living and becomes comfortable and confident in his society.These exercises also teach the child to complete a task following a step-by-step procedure. This sequential ordering of tasks prepares him for the logical task that awaits him in mathematics. Likewise, activities in these areas are presented in isolation in order to help the child focus his attention only on a particular task. Practical Life Exercises refines movement, providing a foundation in early learning, attitudes and dispositions. Practical life exercises also provide children a sense of accomplishment as they engage in real, meaningful work with tangible results.The familiar home-like environment of the practical life corner allows children to gain independence, order, con centration and confidence as they carry out thoughtfully prepared activities. This leads to normalization. BIBLIOGRAPHY Montessori, Maria, The Discovery of the Child, page 56-57, published 1967 Montessori, Maria, The Absorbent Mind, Chapter XXIV, page 247, published 1967 E. M. Standing, Montessori, Maria, Her Life and Work, Chapter XVIII, page 298, published 1998 Montessori, Maria, The secret of childhood, page 97, published 1966 Montessori, Maria, The Absorbent Mind, Page 155, published 1967